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Performance-based Navigation (PBN) is the broad term used to describe the technologies that allow aircraft to fly flexible, accurate, three dimensional flight paths using onboard equipment and capabilities.  PBN frees aircraft from reliance on fixed, ground-based radio-navigation aids and  creates economic, environmental, safety and access benefits.
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Area Navigation (RNAV) is a form of PBN in which equipment onboard the aircraft calculates and follows a direct navigation path between two points, without the aircraft having to overfly intermediate, ground-based navigation aids.
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Required Navigation Performance (RNP) is a form of Performance Based Navigation in which the onboard aircraft navigation system provides performance monitoring and alerting, allowing the aircraft to safely fly precise, three-dimensional trajectories.
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Continuous Descent Arrival (CDA) is a procedure in which equipment onboard the aircraft chooses the optimum point at which to begin the aircraft’s descent to landing during which the aircraft uses idle thrust, or minimum necessary thrust. A PBN approach path provides the predictability necessary for the aircraft to make the most efficient CDA. This is sometimes called an Optimized Profile Descent (OPD).
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The above diagram graphically depicts the difference between conventional navigation approach paths (represented by the Radar Vectors lines) an RNAV approach path, an RNP-AR approach path and a tailored RNP AR approach path.  The RNAV and RNP paths are expamples of Performance-based Navigation

Glossary and Technical Information

Looking for the definition of an acronym? Check out the Glossary.  Interested in delving more deeply into the technical aspects of PBN?
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